Criminology, Sociology, Social Psychology, and Social Work (100 Questions)
1. What is the primary objective of the classical school of criminology?
A) To study biological causes of crime
B) To focus on psychological disorders
C) To emphasize free will and rational choice in criminal behavior
D) To analyze cultural influences on crime
2. Which criminologist proposed the concept of "atavism" in criminal behavior?
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Robert Merton
D) Travis Hirschi
3. What does the "routine activity theory" require for a crime to occur?
A) A motivated offender and strong social bonds
B) A motivated offender, suitable target, and absence of a capable guardian
C) Economic inequality and social conflict
D) Psychological disorders and opportunity
4. Which type of crime involves illegal activities conducted by a structured group?
A) White-collar crime
B) Cybercrime
C) Organized crime
D) Corporate crime
5. In forensic psychology, what is the purpose of a psychological autopsy?
A) To determine the mental state of a deceased person
B) To collect physical evidence from a crime scene
C) To prosecute suspects
D) To determine sentencing guidelines
6. What is meant by the term "criminogenic needs"?
A) Needs of crime victims
B) Factors that contribute to criminal behavior
C) Community-based rehabilitation programs
D) Legal requirements for prosecution
7. Which theory posits that crime results from societal labeling of individuals as deviant?
A) Strain Theory
B) Social Control Theory
C) Labeling Theory
D) Routine Activity Theory
8. What is the primary goal of incapacitation in the criminal justice system?
A) To prevent offenders from committing further crimes
B) To rehabilitate offenders
C) To provide restitution to victims
D) To deter potential criminals
9. What is the focus of victimology in criminology?
A) Studying offender motivations
B) Studying the role and experiences of crime victims
C) Analyzing criminal justice policies
D) Investigating crime scenes
10. What is the purpose of a risk-needs-responsivity (RNR) model?
A) To prosecute offenders
B) To collect forensic evidence
C) To tailor interventions to offender risks and needs
D) To enforce legal penalties
11. What does the term "social cohesion" refer to?
A) The degree of unity and solidarity in a society
B) The conflict between social classes
C) The economic structure of a society
D) The psychological well-being of individuals
12. Which sociologist developed the concept of "class consciousness"?
A) Émile Durkheim
B) Karl Marx
C) Max Weber
D) Talcott Parsons
13. What is meant by "social capital" in sociology?
A) Financial wealth of a community
B) Individual psychological traits
C) Networks and relationships that facilitate social action
D) Legal structures in society
14. Which sociological perspective views society as a system of interconnected parts?
A) Functionalism
B) Conflict Theory
C) Symbolic Interactionism
D) Feminist Theory
15. What is the term for the process by which individuals internalize societal norms?
A) Acculturation
B) Socialization
C) Assimilation
D) Stratification
16. What is the concept of "ethnocentrism"?
A) Accepting all cultures equally
B) Studying cultural artifacts
C) Judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own
D) Eliminating cultural differences
17. What is meant by "social disorganization" in sociology?
A) Breakdown of social institutions in a community
B) Economic prosperity in society
C) Individual psychological disorders
D) Strong community bonds
18. Which sociologist introduced the concept of "the Protestant ethic"?
A) Émile Durkheim
B) Max Weber
C) Karl Marx
D) Robert Merton
19. What is the term for a group that an individual uses as a reference for behavior?
A) Out-group
B) Secondary group
C) Reference group
D) Formal organization
20. What is the role of education as a social institution?
A) Transmitting knowledge and socializing individuals
B) Enforcing legal penalties
C) Managing economic systems
D) Conducting psychological assessments
21. What is the "fundamental attribution error" in social psychology?
A) Ignoring situational factors in behavior
B) Overemphasizing personal traits over situational factors
C) Focusing on group dynamics
D) Avoiding social judgments
22. What is the "self-fulfilling prophecy" in social psychology?
A) Ignoring others’ expectations
B) Acting against social norms
C) Behavior shaped by others’ expectations
D) Eliminating group influence
23. Which experiment demonstrated the power of social roles in behavior?
A) Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment
B) Milgram’s Obedience Experiment
C) Asch’s Conformity Experiment
D) Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment
24. What is "groupthink" in social psychology?
A) Effective group decision-making
B) Conformity leading to flawed group decisions
C) Individual resistance to group norms
D) Conflict within groups
25. In forensic psychology, what is the purpose of evaluating eyewitness testimony?
A) To determine sentencing
B) To collect physical evidence
C) To assess the reliability of witness accounts
D) To prosecute suspects
26. What is the "halo effect" in social psychology?
A) Judging someone positively based on a single trait
B) Judging someone negatively based on a single trait
C) Ignoring social impressions
D) Avoiding group influence
27. What is meant by "deindividuation"?
A) Increased individual accountability
B) Loss of self-awareness in group settings
C) Enhanced personal identity
D) Rejection of group norms
28. What does social identity theory explain?
A) Individual personality traits
B) Economic influences on behavior
C) Identity based on group membership
D) Biological influences on behavior
29. What is the purpose of a polygraph test in forensic psychology?
A) To measure physiological responses to questions
B) To determine guilt in court
C) To assess mental competency
D) To analyze crime scenes
30. What is the "social loafing" phenomenon?
A) Increased effort in group tasks
B) Reduced effort in group tasks due to shared responsibility
C) Conformity to group norms
D) Rejection of group tasks
31. What is the primary focus of social work in forensic settings?
A) Prosecuting offenders
B) Analyzing physical evidence
C) Supporting victims and offenders in the justice system
D) Conducting autopsies
32. What is the purpose of a biopsychosocial assessment in social work?
A) To evaluate biological, psychological, and social factors
B) To enforce legal penalties
C) To conduct economic analyses
D) To ignore client needs
33. What is the role of social workers in addressing homelessness?
A) Prosecuting homeless individuals
B) Connecting clients to housing and support services
C) Conducting forensic investigations
D) Ignoring social issues
34. What is meant by "empowerment" in social work practice?
A) Controlling client decisions
B) Limiting client resources
C) Enabling clients to take control of their lives
D) Enforcing strict interventions
35. What is the purpose of social work supervision?
A) To guide and support professional practice
B) To punish social workers
C) To ignore professional development
D) To enforce legal penalties
36. What is the role of social workers in child protective services?
A) Prosecuting parents
B) Ensuring child safety and family support
C) Conducting forensic analysis
D) Judging court cases
37. What is the purpose of a community needs assessment in social work?
A) To punish communities
B) To ignore community issues
C) To identify resources and gaps in services
D) To enforce legal policies
38. What is cultural competence in social work?
A) Respecting and understanding diverse cultural backgrounds
B) Enforcing uniform cultural norms
C) Ignoring cultural differences
D) Avoiding client interactions
39. What is the role of social workers in substance abuse treatment?
A) Conducting medical surgeries
B) Providing counseling and rehabilitation support
C) Prosecuting users
D) Ignoring addiction issues
40. What is the purpose of advocacy in social work?
A) Ignoring client rights
B) Enforcing legal penalties
C) Promoting the rights and interests of clients
D) Conducting research studies
41. What is the "broken windows theory" in criminology?
A) Disorderly environments encourage further crime
B) Crime is caused by economic wealth
C) Crime is unrelated to environment
D) Crime is caused by individual choice
42. What is the purpose of criminal profiling in forensic psychology?
A) To collect physical evidence
B) To identify characteristics of an unknown offender
C) To determine sentencing
D) To prosecute cases
43. What does "deterrence" aim to achieve in the criminal justice system?
A) Rehabilitating offenders
B) Rewarding criminal behavior
C) Preventing crime through fear of punishment
D) Ignoring crime
44. What is meant by the "dark figure of crime"?
A) Unreported or unrecorded crimes
B) Crimes reported to the police
C) Crimes committed by police
D) Crimes solved by investigators
45. What is the primary focus of restorative justice programs?
A) Punishing offenders harshly
B) Repairing harm through victim-offender mediation
C) Isolating offenders from society
D) Increasing prison sentences
46. In forensic psychology, what is a competency evaluation used for?
A) Analyzing crime scenes
B) Determining guilt
C) Assessing a defendant’s ability to stand trial
D) Collecting physical evidence
47. What is the purpose of community policing?
A) Building trust between police and communities
B) Increasing arrests
C) Ignoring community needs
D) Enforcing strict laws
48. What is "penology" concerned with?
A) Studying crime scenes
B) Studying punishment and corrections
C) Studying criminal minds
D) Studying crime prevention
49. What is the focus of the social disorganization theory in criminology?
A) Individual psychological traits
B) Economic prosperity
C) Weak community structures and crime
D) Strong social bonds
50. What is the role of a forensic psychologist in insanity defense cases?
A) Evaluating the defendant’s mental state at the time of the crime
B) Prosecuting the defendant
C) Collecting physical evidence
D) Determining sentencing
51. What is meant by "social mobility"?
A) Stagnation in social roles
B) Movement between social classes
C) Elimination of social norms
D) Study of individual psychology
52. What is the purpose of social norms in society?
A) To create conflict
B) To isolate individuals
C) To guide acceptable behavior
D) To eliminate culture
53. What is the concept of "anomie" introduced by Émile Durkheim?
A) A state of normlessness in society
B) A state of economic prosperity
C) A state of psychological stability
D) A state of social cohesion
54. What is the role of religion as a social institution?
A) Managing economic systems
B) Providing spiritual guidance and social cohesion
C) Enforcing legal penalties
D) Conducting psychological assessments
55. What is meant by "cultural relativism"?
A) Judging all cultures by one standard
B) Ignoring cultural differences
C) Evaluating cultures based on their own values
D) Eliminating cultural practices
56. What is a "reference group" in sociology?
A) A group that influences an individual’s behavior
B) A group with no social influence
C) A temporary social group
D) A legal institution
57. What is the focus of conflict theory in sociology?
A) Social harmony and stability
B) Power struggles and inequality
C) Individual psychological traits
D) Cultural relativism
58. What is meant by "social stratification"?
A) Equal distribution of resources
B) Elimination of social norms
C) Hierarchical arrangement of social classes
D) Study of individual behavior
59. What is the role of family as a social institution?
A) Socializing individuals and providing support
B) Enforcing legal penalties
C) Managing economic systems
D) Conducting research
60. What is meant by "deviance" in sociology?
A) Conformity to societal norms
B) Behavior that violates societal norms
C) Economic prosperity
D) Social cohesion
61. What is the "bystander effect" in social psychology?
A) Increased helping behavior in groups
B) Aggressive behavior in crowds
C) Decreased likelihood of helping as bystanders increase
D) Conformity to group norms
62. What is the purpose of a risk assessment in forensic psychology?
A) Predicting the likelihood of future criminal behavior
B) Analyzing physical evidence
C) Determining guilt
D) Prosecuting cases
63. What is meant by "cognitive dissonance"?
A) Agreement between beliefs and actions
B) Psychological discomfort from conflicting beliefs and actions
C) Conformity to group pressure
D) Stereotyping based on group membership
64. What is the focus of attribution theory?
A) Group dynamics
B) Social norms
C) How people explain the causes of behavior
D) Conflict resolution
65. What is the "social exchange theory" in social psychology?
A) Behavior based on costs and benefits
B) Behavior based on group conflict
C) Behavior based on individual traits
D) Behavior based on cultural norms
66. What is the role of a forensic psychologist in child custody cases?
A) Prosecuting the case
B) Evaluating the best interests of the child
C) Collecting physical evidence
D) Determining property division
67. What is meant by "prejudice" in social psychology?
A) A fixed belief about a group
B) A behavior toward a group
C) A negative attitude toward a group
D) A social norm
68. What is the purpose of Milgram’s obedience experiment?
A) To study compliance with authority
B) To study groupthink
C) To study social loafing
D) To study bystander intervention
69. What is meant by "stereotype" in social psychology?
A) A negative attitude toward a group
B) A fixed, oversimplified belief about a group
C) A behavior toward a group
D) A social norm
70. What is the role of social psychology in understanding criminal behavior?
A) Analyzing physical evidence
B) Determining sentencing
C) Examining social influences on behavior
D) Prosecuting cases
71. What is the ecological perspective in social work?
A) Considering interactions between individuals and their environments
B) Focusing on economic systems
C) Ignoring client environments
D) Enforcing legal policies
72. What is the role of social workers in addressing domestic violence?
A) Prosecuting offenders
B) Providing support and resources to victims
C) Conducting forensic analysis
D) Judging court cases
73. What is the purpose of a strengths-based approach in social work?
A) Focusing on deficits and problems
B) Enforcing strict interventions
C) Building on clients’ existing strengths
D) Ignoring client input
74. What is the role of social workers in juvenile justice?
A) Supporting rehabilitation and reintegration
B) Judging cases
C) Collecting evidence
D) Enforcing penalties
75. What is the purpose of a case management plan in social work?
A) Punishing clients
B) Coordinating services to meet client needs
C) Conducting legal trials
D) Ignoring client needs
76. What is the role of ethics in social work practice?
A) Ignoring client needs
B) Focusing on profit
C) Guiding professional conduct and decision-making
D) Enforcing laws
77. What is the purpose of social policy analysis in social work?
A) Evaluating the impact of policies on communities
B) Conducting physical examinations
C) Prosecuting offenders
D) Ignoring community needs
78. What is the role of social workers in mental health settings?
A) Conducting medical surgeries
B) Providing counseling and support services
C) Analyzing crime scenes
D) Prosecuting cases
79. What is the purpose of crisis intervention in social work?
A) Long-term therapy
B) Economic planning
C) Immediate support during emergencies
D) Legal enforcement
80. What is the role of social workers in community corrections?
A) Supporting offender rehabilitation and monitoring
B) Enforcing harsh penalties
C) Ignoring offender needs
D) Conducting forensic analysis
81. What is the role of sociology in understanding criminal behavior?
A) Analyzing physical evidence
B) Examining social structures and their impact on crime
C) Determining guilt
D) Prosecuting cases
82. What is the purpose of a social worker in restorative justice programs?
A) Prosecuting offenders
B) Ignoring victim needs
C) Facilitating dialogue between victims and offenders
D) Conducting trials
83. What is the focus of differential association theory in criminology?
A) Crime is learned through social interactions
B) Crime is caused by biological factors
C) Crime is unrelated to social environment
D) Crime is caused by economic wealth
84. What is the role of social norms in preventing criminal behavior?
A) Promoting criminal behavior
B) Encouraging conformity to acceptable behavior
C) Ignoring social behavior
D) Eliminating laws
85. What is the purpose of a psychosocial assessment in forensic psychology?
A) Collecting physical evidence
B) Determining sentencing
C) Evaluating mental and social factors of an individual
D) Prosecuting cases
86. What is the role of social workers in victim advocacy?
A) Providing support and resources to victims
B) Prosecuting offenders
C) Conducting forensic analysis
D) Judging cases
87. What is the focus of the social learning theory in social psychology?
A) Biological influences on behavior
B) Behavior learned through observation and modeling
C) Economic influences on behavior
D) Individual personality traits
88. What is the purpose of a social impact assessment?
A) Punishing communities
B) Ignoring social needs
C) Evaluating the effects of policies on communities
D) Enforcing laws
89. What is the role of a forensic psychologist in risk management?
A) Developing strategies to reduce future criminal behavior
B) Prosecuting offenders
C) Collecting physical evidence
D) Judging cases
90. What is the purpose of community organization in social work?
A) Individual therapy
B) Mobilizing communities for collective action
C) Legal representation
D) Economic analysis
91. What is the focus of the labeling theory in criminology?
A) Crime is caused by economic factors
B) Crime is unrelated to social labels
C) Social labels influence criminal behavior
D) Crime is caused by biological factors
92. What is the role of social workers in addressing poverty?
A) Connecting clients to resources and support
B) Prosecuting offenders
C) Conducting medical research
D) Ignoring economic issues
93. What is the purpose of a forensic psychologist in criminal profiling?
A) Collecting physical evidence
B) Developing a psychological profile of an offender
C) Prosecuting cases
D) Conducting autopsies
94. What is the role of social norms in social psychology?
A) Encouraging conflict
B) Ignoring social behavior
C) Shaping individual behavior in social contexts
D) Eliminating group influence
95. What is the purpose of rehabilitation in the criminal justice system?
A) Reintegrating offenders into society
B) Punishing offenders
C) Isolating offenders
D) Ignoring offenders
96. What is the role of social workers in prison settings?
A) Prosecuting inmates
B) Supporting rehabilitation and reintegration
C) Analyzing crime scenes
D) Conducting trials
97. What is the focus of strain theory in criminology?
A) Crime is caused by social learning
B) Crime is caused by biological factors
C) Crime is caused by societal pressures and lack of opportunities
D) Crime is caused by strong social bonds
98. What is the role of sociology in addressing social inequality?
A) Analyzing social structures and their impact on inequality
B) Conducting forensic investigations
C) Prosecuting cases
D) Ignoring social issues
99. What is the purpose of a social worker in addressing mental health stigma?
A) Ignoring mental health issues
B) Educating communities and providing support
C) Prosecuting individuals
D) Conducting medical research
100. What is the role of a forensic psychologist in court?
A) Prosecuting the defendant
B) Judging the case
C) Providing expert testimony or assessing mental competency
D) Collecting physical evidence
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