Criminology, Sociology, Social Psychology, and Social Work (100 Questions)
1. What is the primary focus of criminology?
A) Studying economic systems
B) Studying crime, criminals, and criminal justice
C) Analyzing political structures
D) Examining cultural artifacts
2. Who is considered the "Father of Criminology"?
A) Émile Durkheim
B) Max Weber
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Sigmund Freud
3. Which theory suggests that crime results from a lack of social control?
A) Social Control Theory
B) Strain Theory
C) Differential Association Theory
D) Labeling Theory
4. What is the term for crimes committed by individuals in professional occupations?
A) Blue-collar crime
B) White-collar crime
C) Organized crime
D) Street crime
5. In forensic psychology, what is the primary role of a psychologist in court?
A) To act as a defense attorney
B) To serve as a judge
C) To assess mental competency or provide expert testimony
D) To prosecute the defendant
6. What is recidivism in criminology?
A) Reoffending after being released from prison
B) First-time offense
C) Community-based punishment
D) Crime prevention strategy
7. Which criminological theory links crime to economic inequality?
A) Routine Activity Theory
B) Strain Theory
C) Social Learning Theory
D) Rational Choice Theory
8. What is the purpose of restorative justice?
A) To punish offenders harshly
B) To isolate criminals from society
C) To repair harm caused by crime through mediation
D) To increase prison sentences
9. Which type of evidence is most commonly analyzed in forensic psychology?
A) Psychological profiles
B) DNA samples
C) Fingerprints
D) Ballistic reports
10. What is the term for a criminal act committed by a juvenile?
A) Felony
B) Juvenile delinquency
C) Misdemeanor
D) Infraction
11. What is the main focus of sociology?
A) Individual psychology
B) Economic systems
C) Social behavior and institutions
D) Biological processes
12. Who developed the concept of "anomie"?
A) Émile Durkheim
B) Karl Marx
C) Max Weber
D) Auguste Comte
13. What is social stratification?
A) Equal distribution of resources
B) Hierarchical arrangement of social classes
C) Elimination of social norms
D) Study of individual behavior
14. Which sociological perspective emphasizes conflict and inequality?
A) Functionalism
B) Symbolic Interactionism
C) Conflict Theory
D) Social Exchange Theory
15. What is the term for shared beliefs and values in a society?
A) Culture
B) Economy
C) Politics
D) Religion
16. Which sociologist introduced the concept of "social capital"?
A) Max Weber
B) Pierre Bourdieu
C) Talcott Parsons
D) Robert Merton
17. What is the process of adopting the cultural traits of another group?
A) Socialization
B) Assimilation
C) Acculturation
D) Integration
18. What is the term for deviation from societal norms?
A) Deviance
B) Conformity
C) Socialization
D) Stratification
19. Which concept refers to the division of labor in society?
A) Social control
B) Functional differentiation
C) Social conflict
D) Cultural relativism
20. What is a primary group in sociology?
A) A large, impersonal group
B) A group formed for a specific purpose
C) A small, intimate group with strong ties
D) A temporary social group
21. What is the primary focus of social psychology?
A) Individual mental disorders
B) Economic behavior
C) How individuals are influenced by social environments
D) Biological influences on behavior
22. What is the bystander effect?
A) Increased helping behavior in groups
B) Decreased likelihood of helping as the number of bystanders increases
C) Aggressive behavior in crowds
D) Conformity to group norms
23. Which theory explains behavior as a result of observing others?
A) Social Learning Theory
B) Cognitive Dissonance Theory
C) Attribution Theory
D) Self-Perception Theory
24. What is cognitive dissonance?
A) Agreement between beliefs and actions
B) Psychological discomfort from conflicting beliefs and actions
C) Conformity to group pressure
D) Stereotyping based on group membership
25. In forensic psychology, what is a risk assessment?
A) Evaluating physical evidence
B) Determining a defendant's guilt
C) Evaluating the likelihood of future criminal behavior
D) Analyzing crime scenes
26. What is the term for a fixed, oversimplified belief about a group?
A) Stereotype
B) Prejudice
C) Discrimination
D) Attitude
27. What is conformity in social psychology?
A) Acting against group norms
B) Adjusting behavior to align with group norms
C) Ignoring social influences
D) Rebelling against authority
28. Which experiment demonstrated obedience to authority?
A) Asch’s Conformity Experiment
B) Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment
C) Milgram’s Obedience Experiment
D) Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment
29. What is attribution theory concerned with?
A) How people explain the causes of behavior
B) How groups form hierarchies
C) How individuals learn social norms
D) How conflicts are resolved
30. What is the term for negative behavior toward a group based on their membership?
A) Stereotyping
B) Discrimination
C) Prejudice
D) Socialization
31. What is the primary goal of social work?
A) Economic development
B) Political advocacy
C) Enhancing individual and community well-being
D) Legal enforcement
32. What is casework in social work?
A) Working directly with individuals to address their needs
B) Organizing community protests
C) Conducting large-scale surveys
D) Developing government policies
33. What is the strengths-based approach in social work?
A) Focusing on deficits and problems
B) Building on clients’ existing strengths
C) Enforcing strict interventions
D) Ignoring client input
34. What is community organization in social work?
A) Individual therapy
B) Legal representation
C) Mobilizing communities for collective action
D) Economic analysis
35. What is the role of a social worker in forensic settings?
A) Supporting offenders and victims in the justice system
B) Analyzing physical evidence
C) Prosecuting cases
D) Conducting autopsies
36. What is advocacy in social work?
A) Ignoring client needs
B) Promoting the rights and interests of clients
C) Enforcing legal penalties
D) Conducting research studies
37. What is the purpose of a needs assessment in social work?
A) To punish clients
B) To collect taxes
C) To identify client or community needs
D) To enforce laws
38. What is empowerment in social work?
A) Enabling clients to take control of their lives
B) Controlling client decisions
C) Limiting client resources
D) Ignoring client needs
39. What is the role of social workers in addressing domestic violence?
A) Prosecuting offenders
B) Providing support and resources to victims
C) Conducting forensic analysis
D) Judging court cases
40. What is group work in social work?
A) Working with individuals in isolation
B) Conducting legal trials
C) Facilitating group interactions for support or change
D) Managing corporate teams
41. What does the term "penology" refer to?
A) Study of crime scenes
B) Study of criminal minds
C) Study of punishment and corrections
D) Study of crime prevention
42. Which theory suggests that crime is learned through social interactions?
A) Differential Association Theory
B) Strain Theory
C) Control Theory
D) Labeling Theory
43. What is victimology?
A) Study of criminal behavior
B) Study of crime victims
C) Study of prison systems
D) Study of law enforcement
44. In forensic psychology, what is a competency evaluation?
A) Assessing physical evidence
B) Determining guilt
C) Evaluating a defendant’s ability to stand trial
D) Analyzing crime scenes
45. What is the primary goal of rehabilitation in criminology?
A) Reintegrating offenders into society
B) Punishing offenders
C) Isolating offenders
D) Ignoring offenders
46. What is the dark figure of crime?
A) Crimes reported to the police
B) Crimes not reported or recorded
C) Crimes committed by police
D) Crimes solved by investigators
47. Which type of crime involves the use of technology?
A) Violent crime
B) Property crime
C) Cybercrime
D) Organized crime
48. What is the purpose of criminal profiling?
A) To identify characteristics of an unknown offender
B) To collect physical evidence
C) To determine sentencing
D) To prosecute cases
49. What is deterrence in criminology?
A) Rewarding criminal behavior
B) Preventing crime through fear of punishment
C) Encouraging recidivism
D) Ignoring crime
50. What is the role of a forensic psychologist in child custody cases?
A) Prosecuting the case
B) Collecting physical evidence
C) Evaluating the best interests of the child
D) Determining property division
51. What is social mobility?
A) Movement between social classes
B) Stagnation in social roles
C) Elimination of social norms
D) Study of individual psychology
52. What is the role of socialization in society?
A) Isolating individuals
B) Teaching individuals societal norms and values
C) Encouraging deviance
D) Eliminating cultural differences
53. Which sociologist focused on the role of bureaucracy?
A) Émile Durkheim
B) Karl Marx
C) Max Weber
D) Robert Merton
54. What is a social institution?
A) An organized system that meets societal needs
B) A temporary social group
C) An individual’s beliefs
D) A psychological disorder
55. What is the term for discrimination based on social class?
A) Racism
B) Classism
C) Sexism
D) Ageism
56. What is the purpose of a social norm?
A) To create conflict
B) To isolate individuals
C) To guide acceptable behavior
D) To eliminate culture
57. What is the term for a group with shared cultural characteristics?
A) Ethnic group
B) Economic class
C) Political party
D) Social institution
58. What is the functionalist perspective on crime?
A) Crime is always harmful
B) Crime can reinforce social norms
C) Crime is caused by individual choice
D) Crime is irrelevant to society
59. What is cultural relativism?
A) Judging all cultures by one standard
B) Ignoring cultural differences
C) Evaluating cultures based on their own values
D) Eliminating cultural practices
60. What is the role of family as a social institution?
A) Socializing individuals and providing support
B) Enforcing laws
C) Managing economic systems
D) Conducting research
61. What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
A) Ignoring social expectations
B) Behavior influenced by others’ expectations
C) Acting against social norms
D) Eliminating group influence
62. What is groupthink?
A) Individual decision-making
B) Conflict within groups
C) Group conformity leading to poor decisions
D) Effective group collaboration
63. What is the fundamental attribution error?
A) Overemphasizing personal traits in explaining behavior
B) Ignoring personal traits
C) Focusing on group dynamics
D) Avoiding social judgments
64. What is social identity theory?
A) Focus on individual personality
B) Identity based on group membership
C) Rejection of group norms
D) Elimination of social roles
65. In forensic psychology, what is the purpose of a psychological autopsy?
A) Physical examination of a body
B) Determining guilt in court
C) Reconstructing a deceased person’s mental state
D) Collecting physical evidence
66. What is the halo effect?
A) Judging someone based on a single positive trait
B) Judging someone based on a single negative trait
C) Ignoring social impressions
D) Avoiding group influence
67. What is deindividuation?
A) Increased individual accountability
B) Loss of self-awareness in group settings
C) Enhanced personal identity
D) Rejection of group norms
68. What is the purpose of a lie detection test in forensic psychology?
A) To determine guilt
B) To analyze physical evidence
C) To assess physiological responses to questions
D) To evaluate mental competency
69. What is the social exchange theory?
A) Behavior based on costs and benefits
B) Behavior based on group conflict
C) Behavior based on individual traits
D) Behavior based on cultural norms
70. What is the purpose of eyewitness testimony analysis in forensic psychology?
A) To collect physical evidence
B) To evaluate the reliability of witness accounts
C) To determine sentencing
D) To prosecute cases
71. What is the ecological perspective in social work?
A) Focusing on economic systems
B) Ignoring client environments
C) Considering the interaction of individuals and their environments
D) Enforcing legal policies
72. What is the role of social workers in mental health?
A) Providing counseling and support services
B) Conducting medical surgeries
C) Analyzing crime scenes
D) Prosecuting cases
73. What is the purpose of a crisis intervention in social work?
A) Long-term therapy
B) Immediate support during emergencies
C) Economic planning
D) Legal enforcement
74. What is the role of ethics in social work?
A) Ignoring client needs
B) Focusing on profit
C) Guiding professional conduct and decision-making
D) Enforcing laws
75. What is the purpose of social policy analysis in social work?
A) Evaluating the impact of policies on communities
B) Conducting physical examinations
C) Prosecuting offenders
D) Ignoring community needs
76. What is the role of social workers in juvenile justice?
A) Judging cases
B) Supporting rehabilitation and reintegration
C) Collecting evidence
D) Enforcing penalties
77. What is the purpose of a case management plan in social work?
A) Punishing clients
B) Ignoring client needs
C) Coordinating services to meet client needs
D) Conducting legal trials
78. What is cultural competence in social work?
A) Understanding and respecting diverse cultures
B) Ignoring cultural differences
C) Enforcing uniform cultural norms
D) Avoiding client interactions
79. What is the role of social workers in addressing poverty?
A) Ignoring economic issues
B) Connecting clients to resources and support
C) Prosecuting offenders
D) Conducting medical research
80. What is the purpose of social work supervision?
A) Punishing social workers
B) Ignoring professional development
C) Guiding and supporting professional practice
D) Enforcing legal penalties
81. What is the role of a forensic psychologist in criminal profiling?
A) Collecting physical evidence
B) Developing a psychological profile of an offender
C) Prosecuting cases
D) Conducting autopsies
82. What is the broken windows theory in criminology?
A) Crime is caused by economic wealth
B) Crime is unrelated to environment
C) Visible signs of disorder lead to more crime
D) Crime is caused by individual choice
83. What is the role of social norms in preventing crime?
A) Encouraging conformity to acceptable behavior
B) Promoting criminal behavior
C) Ignoring social behavior
D) Eliminating laws
84. What is the purpose of a social worker in a prison setting?
A) Prosecuting inmates
B) Supporting rehabilitation and reintegration
C) Analyzing crime scenes
D) Conducting trials
85. What is the social disorganization theory?
A) Crime is caused by individual choice
B) Crime is unrelated to community
C) Crime is linked to weak community structures
D) Crime is caused by wealth
86. What is the purpose of a psychosocial assessment in forensic psychology?
A) Evaluating mental and social factors of an individual
B) Collecting physical evidence
C) Determining sentencing
D) Prosecuting cases
87. What is the role of social workers in victim advocacy?
A) Prosecuting offenders
B) Providing support and resources to victims
C) Conducting forensic analysis
D) Judging cases
88. What is the labeling theory in criminology?
A) Crime is caused by economic factors
B) Crime is unrelated to social labels
C) Social labels influence criminal behavior
D) Crime is caused by biological factors
89. What is the purpose of community policing?
A) Building trust between police and communities
B) Increasing arrests
C) Ignoring community needs
D) Enforcing strict laws
90. What is the role of social workers in addressing substance abuse?
A) Conducting medical surgeries
B) Providing counseling and rehabilitation services
C) Prosecuting users
D) Ignoring addiction
91. What is the purpose of a risk-needs-responsivity model in criminology?
A) Punishing offenders
B) Ignoring offender needs
C) Tailoring interventions to offender risks and needs
D) Collecting evidence
92. What is the role of social psychology in understanding criminal behavior?
A) Examining social influences on behavior
B) Analyzing physical evidence
C) Determining sentencing
D) Prosecuting cases
93. What is the purpose of a social impact assessment?
A) Punishing communities
B) Evaluating the effects of policies on communities
C) Ignoring social needs
D) Enforcing laws
94. What is the role of social workers in child welfare?
A) Prosecuting parents
B) Ignoring child needs
C) Ensuring the safety and well-being of children
D) Conducting forensic analysis
95. What is the routine activity theory in criminology?
A) Crime occurs when a motivated offender, suitable target, and lack of guardian converge
B) Crime is caused by biological factors
C) Crime is unrelated to environment
D) Crime is caused by economic wealth
96. What is the role of a forensic psychologist in insanity defense cases?
A) Prosecuting the defendant
B) Evaluating the defendant’s mental state at the time of the crime
C) Collecting physical evidence
D) Determining sentencing
97. What is the purpose of a social worker in restorative justice programs?
A) Prosecuting offenders
B) Ignoring victim needs
C) Facilitating dialogue between victims and offenders
D) Conducting trials
98. What is the role of sociology in understanding crime?
A) Examining social structures and their impact on crime
B) Analyzing physical evidence
C) Determining guilt
D) Prosecuting cases
99. What is the purpose of a social worker in community corrections?
A) Enforcing harsh penalties
B) Supporting offender rehabilitation and monitoring
C) Ignoring offender needs
D) Conducting forensic analysis
100. What is the purpose of a forensic psychologist in risk management?
A) Prosecuting offenders
B) Collecting physical evidence
C) Developing strategies to reduce future criminal behavior
D) Judging cases
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