Criminology (30 Questions)
1. What is the primary focus of criminology as a discipline?
A) Studying economic trends
B) Analyzing political systems
C) Understanding causes and prevention of crime
D) Exploring educational policies
2. Which theory suggests that crime results from a lack of social control?
A) Strain Theory
B) Social Control Theory
C) Differential Association Theory
D) Labeling Theory
3. The term 'recidivism' refers to:
A) Reoffending after being punished
B) First-time criminal behavior
C) Crime prevention strategies
D) Victim rehabilitation programs
4. Which of the following is a key function of the police system in India?
A) Drafting legislation
B) Conducting trials
C) Managing prisons
D) Maintaining law and order
5. The Juvenile Justice Act in India primarily deals with:
A) Adult criminal sentencing
B) Children in conflict with the law
C) Corporate fraud
D) Cybercrime regulations
6. Which criminological theory emphasizes the role of economic inequality in crime causation?
A) Routine Activity Theory
B) Classical Theory
C) Strain Theory
D) Social Learning Theory
7. Who is considered the father of modern criminology?
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Robert Merton
D) Travis Hirschi
8. White-collar crime typically involves:
A) Violent offenses
B) Non-violent financial crimes
C) Juvenile delinquency
D) Organized gang activities
9. The concept of 'anomie' in criminology was introduced by:
A) Cesare Beccaria
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Émile Durkheim
10. Which of the following is a major law dealing with crimes in India?
A) Consumer Protection Act
B) Right to Education Act
C) Indian Penal Code
D) Motor Vehicles Act
11. Restorative justice focuses on:
A) Punishing the offender harshly
B) Reconciling victims and offenders
C) Increasing prison sentences
D) Ignoring victim needs
12. The term 'deviance' in criminology refers to:
A) Behavior that violates social norms
B) Legal compliance
C) Economic inequality
D) Political activism
13. Which of the following is a key component of the criminal justice system?
A) Educational institutions
B) Healthcare facilities
C) Courts
D) Media organizations
14. The concept of 'deterrence' in criminology aims to:
A) Rehabilitate offenders
B) Prevent crime through fear of punishment
C) Ignore criminal behavior
D) Promote vigilante justice
15. Which act in India addresses child protection?
A) Information Technology Act
B) Right to Information Act
C) Companies Act
D) Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act
16. The Routine Activity Theory requires which three elements for a crime to occur?
A) Motive, weapon, victim
B) Offender, police, opportunity
C) Motivated offender, suitable target, absence of guardian
D) Crime scene, evidence, witness
17. The term 'penology' refers to the study of:
A) Crime prevention
B) Punishment and rehabilitation
C) Social inequality
D) Victim psychology
18. Which of the following is a victimless crime?
A) Gambling
B) Robbery
C) Assault
D) Burglary
19. The Indian Penal Code was enacted in:
A) 1947
B) 1950
C) 1857
D) 1860
20. Differential Association Theory was proposed by:
A) Robert Merton
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Travis Hirschi
21. The concept of 'moral panic' refers to:
A) Legal reforms
B) Economic crises
C) Public fear over a perceived social threat
D) Political stability
22. Which of the following is a key principle of classical criminology?
A) Free will and rational choice
B) Biological determinism
C) Social disorganization
D) Psychological trauma
23. The term 'organized crime' typically involves:
A) Spontaneous offenses
B) Individual acts of violence
C) Unplanned theft
D) Structured criminal enterprises
24. The Code of Criminal Procedure in India was enacted in:
A) 1860
B) 1973
C) 1955
D) 1947
25. Which theory links crime to neighborhood characteristics?
A) Strain Theory
B) Labeling Theory
C) Social Disorganization Theory
D) Routine Activity Theory
26. Victimology is the study of:
A) Victims and their role in crime
B) Offender psychology
C) Police procedures
D) Courtroom dynamics
27. The term 'mens rea' refers to:
A) The act of committing a crime
B) The guilty mind or intent
C) The victim’s state of mind
D) The physical evidence
28. Which of the following is a goal of community policing?
A) Increasing arrests
B) Isolating communities
C) Reducing police presence
D) Building trust with communities
29. The term 'actus reus' refers to:
A) The motive behind a crime
B) The victim’s role
C) The physical act of a crime
D) The punishment imposed
30. Which of the following is a key feature of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita?
A) Replaces the Indian Penal Code
B) Focuses on economic reforms
C) Governs educational policies
D) Regulates corporate governance
Sociology (25 Questions)
31. Sociology primarily studies:
A) Social behavior and institutions
B) Biological processes
C) Economic policies
D) Chemical reactions
32. The term 'social stratification' refers to:
A) Equal distribution of resources
B) Random social interactions
C) Hierarchical arrangement of social classes
D) Uniform cultural practices
33. Which sociologist introduced the concept of 'social fact'?
A) Max Weber
B) Émile Durkheim
C) Karl Marx
D) Talcott Parsons
34. A social movement is best described as:
A) A random gathering of people
B) An individual’s behavior
C) A government policy
D) Collective action for social change
35. The family as a social institution primarily serves to:
A) Socialize individuals and provide emotional support
B) Enforce legal contracts
C) Regulate economic markets
D) Conduct scientific research
36. The concept of 'socialization' refers to:
A) Economic development
B) Political campaigning
C) Learning social norms and values
D) Technological innovation
37. Which sociologist is associated with the theory of class conflict?
A) Max Weber
B) Karl Marx
C) Émile Durkheim
D) Talcott Parsons
38. The term 'culture' in sociology refers to:
A) Shared beliefs, values, and practices
B) Individual behaviors
C) Economic systems
D) Political structures
39. The caste system in India is an example of:
A) Economic equality
B) Political hierarchy
C) Religious equality
D) Social stratification
40. Functionalism in sociology emphasizes:
A) Conflict between social classes
B) Individual motivations
C) Social stability and interdependence
D) Economic competition
41. The term 'ethnocentrism' refers to:
A) Judging other cultures by one’s own standards
B) Promoting cultural diversity
C) Economic integration
D) Political neutrality
42. Which of the following is a primary agent of socialization?
A) Government
B) Family
C) Corporations
D) Legal systems
43. Social change is often driven by:
A) Economic stagnation
B) Cultural isolation
C) Political stability
D) Technological advancements
44. The term 'social institution' refers to:
A) Individual behaviors
B) Temporary gatherings
C) Established systems like family or education
D) Random social interactions
45. Max Weber’s concept of ‘bureaucracy’ emphasizes:
A) Formal rules and hierarchy
B) Informal social networks
C) Economic equality
D) Cultural diversity
46. The term 'social mobility' refers to:
A) Physical movement of people
B) Movement between social classes
C) Political activism
D) Cultural assimilation
p>47. Which of the following is an example of a subculture?
A) National government
B) Corporate organizations
C) Educational institutions
D) Youth street gangs
48. The concept of 'alienation' was introduced by:
A) Émile Durkheim
B) Max Weber
C) Karl Marx
D) Talcott Parsons
49. The term 'social control' refers to:
A) Mechanisms to enforce societal norms
B) Economic regulations
C) Political campaigns
D) Technological advancements
50. The Chipko Movement in India is an example of:
A) Economic reform
B) Environmental social movement
C) Political restructuring
D) Technological innovation
51. The term 'role conflict' refers to:
A) Economic instability
B) Political disagreements
C) Incompatible demands of social roles
D) Cultural assimilation
52. Which of the following is a characteristic of a traditional society?
A) Strong adherence to customs
B) Rapid technological change
C) Individualism
D) Urbanization
53. The term 'social capital' refers to:
A) Financial wealth
B) Political power
C) Technological resources
D) Networks of relationships
54. Which sociologist is known for the concept of ‘verstehen’?
A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Émile Durkheim
D) Talcott Parsons
55. The term 'globalization' in sociology refers to:
A) Local cultural preservation
B) Economic isolation
C) Interconnectedness of societies
D) Political fragmentation
Social Psychology (25 Questions)
56. Social perception refers to:
A) Economic decision-making
B) How individuals interpret others’ behavior
C) Physical sensory processes
D) Political affiliations
57. The bystander effect is most associated with:
A) Increased helping behavior in groups
B) Individual aggression
C) Decreased likelihood of helping in a crowd
D) Enhanced group cohesion
58. Stereotyping involves:
A) Overgeneralized beliefs about a group
B) Accurate individual assessments
C) Random social interactions
D) Legal judgments
59. Which theory explains how attitudes are formed through observing others?
A) Cognitive Dissonance Theory
B) Attribution Theory
C) Classical Conditioning
D) Social Learning Theory
60. Group behavior is influenced by:
A) Individual isolation
B) Social norms and roles
C) Economic policies
D) Biological instincts alone
61. Cognitive dissonance refers to:
A) Tension from conflicting beliefs and behaviors
B) Group conformity
C) Social isolation
D) Economic decision-making
62. The term 'conformity' in social psychology refers to:
A) Individual rebellion
B) Economic competition
C) Adjusting behavior to group norms
D) Political activism
63. The fundamental attribution error involves:
A) Underestimating situational factors
B) Overestimating personal traits in behavior
C) Ignoring social norms
D) Promoting group harmony
64. Which experiment demonstrated the power of obedience to authority?
A) Asch’s conformity experiment
B) Zimbardo’s prison experiment
C) Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment
D) Milgram’s obedience experiment
65. Social loafing refers to:
A) Reduced effort in group tasks
B) Increased group productivity
C) Individual creativity
D) Political activism
66. The concept of 'groupthink' refers to:
A) Independent decision-making
B) Economic collaboration
C) Poor decisions due to group pressure
D) Cultural diversity
67. The halo effect in social psychology refers to:
A) Negative stereotyping
B) Judging overall character based on one trait
C) Group conformity
D) Economic bias
68. The self-fulfilling prophecy involves:
A) Expectations influencing outcomes
B) Random social interactions
C) Economic predictions
D) Political reforms
69. Which of the following is a key factor in prejudice formation?
A) Economic equality
B) Cultural assimilation
C) Political stability
D) Social categorization
70. The Asch experiment primarily studied:
A) Obedience to authority
B) Aggression in groups
C) Conformity to group pressure
D) Individual creativity
71. The term 'attribution' in social psychology refers to:
A) Group dynamics
B) Explaining causes of behavior
C) Economic decision-making
D) Cultural integration
72. Deindividuation in social psychology refers to:
A) Loss of personal identity in a group
B) Increased individual accountability
C) Economic collaboration
D) Political activism
73. Which theory explains aggression as a learned behavior?
A) Cognitive Dissonance Theory
B) Attribution Theory
C) Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
D) Social Learning Theory
74. The term 'altruism' refers to:
A) Selfish behavior
B) Group conflict
C) Selfless concern for others
D) Economic competition
75. The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated the impact of:
A) Economic inequality
B) Social roles on behavior
C) Individual creativity
D) Political power
76. The term 'social facilitation' refers to:
A) Improved performance in the presence of others
B) Decreased group productivity
C) Economic collaboration
D) Cultural isolation
77. Which of the following reduces prejudice?
A) Social isolation
B) Economic competition
C) Intergroup contact
D) Political conflict
78. The term 'social identity' refers to:
A) Individual achievements
B) Economic status
C) Political beliefs
D) Sense of belonging to a group
79. The concept of 'diffusion of responsibility' is associated with:
A) Individual accountability
B) Bystander effect
C) Economic collaboration
D) Political activism
80. The term 'ingroup bias' refers to:
A) Favoring one’s own group
B) Promoting diversity
C) Economic equality
D) Political neutrality
Social Work-Related Areas (20 Questions)
81. Social work primarily aims to:
A) Enforce legal penalties
B) Conduct corporate audits
C) Enhance individual and community well-being
D) Develop technological solutions
82. The concept of 'juvenile justice' in social work focuses on:
A) Rehabilitating young offenders
B) Corporate social responsibility
C) Urban planning
D) Financial counseling
83. Which act in India protects child rights?
A) Right to Information Act
B) Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act
C) Companies Act
D) Motor Vehicles Act
84. Social welfare programs in India often focus on:
A) Corporate expansion
B) Military training
C) Technological innovation
D) Poverty alleviation and education
85. Human rights in social work emphasize:
A) Economic profitability
B) Political campaigns
C) Dignity and equality for all
D) Corporate governance
86. The term 'casework' in social work refers to:
A) Individualized client support
B) Group therapy
C) Economic planning
D) Legal enforcement
87. Which of the following is a core principle of social work?
A) Economic competition
B) Empowerment of individuals
C) Political neutrality
D) Technological development
88. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) aims to:
A) Promote urbanization
B) Support corporate growth
C) Enhance military training
D) Provide employment in rural areas
89. Social workers often use which approach to address community issues?
A) Legal prosecution
B) Economic forecasting
C) Community organization
D) Technological innovation
90. The term 'advocacy' in social work refers to:
A) Representing clients’ interests
B) Corporate management
C) Economic analysis
D) Political campaigning
91. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in India focuses on:
A) Corporate welfare
B) Child health and nutrition
C) Urban development
D) Technological advancements
92. Which of the following is a key ethical principle in social work?
A) Profit maximization
B) Political neutrality
C) Client confidentiality
D) Economic efficiency
93. The term 'social justice' in social work refers to:
A) Economic profitability
B) Political power
C) Technological equity
D) Fairness and equality in society
94. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act in India was enacted in:
A) 2005
B) 1995
C) 2010
D) 1985
95. Social workers addressing substance abuse often use:
A) Legal prosecution
B) Counseling and rehabilitation
C) Economic sanctions
D) Political advocacy
96. The term 'community development' in social work refers to:
A) Individual therapy
B) Corporate expansion
C) Improving community resources
D) Political reforms
97. Which of the following is a focus of social work in forensic settings?
A) Economic forecasting
B) Technological innovation
C) Corporate governance
D) Offender rehabilitation
98. The Right to Education Act in India ensures:
A) Free education for children aged 6-14
B) Corporate training programs
C) Military education
D) Technological literacy
99. The term 'empowerment' in social work refers to:
A) Economic control
B) Enhancing client capabilities
C) Political dominance
D) Technological advancement
100. The National Commission for Women in India focuses on:
A) Economic reforms
B) Technological development
C) Women’s rights and empowerment
D) Military training
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